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360-degree 3-D Flat Panel Display

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February 10, 2015, Electronic Imaging Conference, San Francisco—Hirofumi Yabu from Osaka City University described the developments in holographic 3-D displays. With this development, we are close to the Star Wars scene showing a small Princess Leia image floating in space.

Existing systems for full 360-degree 3-D images are fairly large and complex, like a CAVE or a head-mounted display with full head and eye tracking. None of these systems are really portable due to the very large amount of computer processing needed to support the video environment. Ideally, the 3-D display should be self-contained and need no external of viewing position tracking or compensation, eliminating the need for extensive computer processing to keep the image properly located in space independent of head or eye movement.

The addition of holographic optical elements (HOE) to the screen generates a virtual image above the LCD screen. The flat panel display only needs a light control film to limit the viewing angle for the HOE to be effective. The HOE can be of any size and focal length, and groups of HOE generate one view per group.

The tradeoffs are between image size and viewpoint pitch. Large images take a large viewpoint pitch while small images use a smaller pitch. The challenge is to make a device with a large viewing angle that can be fit into a small screen. Their implementation uses stripes of sub-stripes to get a large image with a small pitch. The groups are interleaved as groups and stripes.

The current limitations are that you have to look down at a 45 degree angle to see the image. There is also some ghosting which is reduced by the light control film. Without the film, the viewing angles are 60 degrees and 48 degrees, but by adding a 24 degree light control film, the ghosting almost disappears and the viewing angles increase to +/- 70 degrees.
 

 


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